Pre-human
| Ancestor | Emerged | Location, approximate | Name |
| "Ardi" | 5.5 mya | Afar, Ethiopia | Ardipithecus ramidus |
| "Lucy" | 3.2 mya | Afar, Ethiopia | Australopithecus afarensis |
| "Africanus" | 2.5 mya | South Africa | Australopithecus africanus |
| "Garhi" | 2.5 mya | Afar, Ethiopia | Australopithecus garhi |
Archaic humans (ice ages, warm periods)
| Ancestor | Emerged | Location, approximate | Name |
| Handy man | 2.5 | Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania | H. habilis |
| Upright man | 1.9 | Java, Kenya, China, Hungary | H. erectus |
| Heidelburg man | 700 kya | Germany, Spain, England | H. heidelburgensis |
| Rhodesian man | 600 kya | Zambia, Ethiopia, Tanzania | H. rhodesiensis = H. heidelburgensis |
Modern humans - AMH
| Haplogroup | Emerged * | Location, approximate | SNP | SNP Date |
| A00a Perry | bef. 270 | Western Cameroon | L1149 | 270 |
| A0-T | bef. 200 | Omo Kibish, Ethiopia | L1085 "Omo?" | 235.9 |
| A1 | 170 | Afar Ethiopia | P305 H. sapiens idaltu | 161.3 |
| A1b | 150 | East Africa | P114 H. s. sapiens | 133.4 |
| BT | 140 | Ethiopia | M91 | 130.7 |
| CT | 100 | East Africa | M168 | 88 |
| CF | 80 | Ur-Shatt | P143 | 68.5 |
| F | 70 | Ur-Shatt | M89 | 65.9 |
| GHIJK | 65 | Mesopotamia | F1329 | 48.8 |
| HIJK | 60 | Mesopotamia | F929 | 48.5 |
| IJK | 55 | Mesopotamia | L15 | 48.5 |
| IJ | 50 | Baghdad | M429 | 47.2 |
| I - Cro-Magnon | 45 | Kurdestan | M170 | 42.9 |
| I1 | 40 | Ukraine refugium | M253 | 27.5 |
| I2 | 40 | Anatolia | M438 | 27.5 |
| I2a1a** | 25 | Ukraine refugium | P37.2 | 18.7 |
| I2a1a2** | 20 | Ukraine refugium | M423 | 18.5 |
| I2a1a2** | 15.8 | Ukraine refugium | Y3104 (L161, L621) | 13.4 |
| L161.1 (I2a1a2a*) | 13.5 | Moldova | L161.1 (S2639, Y13338/1) | 10.6 |
| Isles AB (hg tree) | 10 | Doggerland | S2639 | 6.9 |
| Isles A | 7 | East Anglia ➤ Cork | Y12072 ➤ PF4135 ➤ Y12073(A2) ➤ Y19285 | 6.7 |
| Isles B | 7.2 | Rhine River Delta | L1498 ➤ Y3749 ➤ Y3722 ➤ Y3734 | 6.6 |
| Isles C | 6.5 | Dal Riata | Y5450➤ Y18393(C1) & Y5451(C2) | 3.4 |
| Isles D | 4.2 | Rathcroghan Ireland | Y4660(D) ➤ Y5280 | 3.2 |
* The 'emerged' date in this table is my estimate of the date the "Dunbar group" began its journey to separation. It is the date of the 'spark' that started events moving forward. That date must be, by definition, before any archaeologically or genetically calculated dates. The SNP dates are from www.yfull.com
** The alphanumeric designators for haplogroups are listed by the ISOGG and are subject to change every year, so they are useless over time. The actual SNP name does not change, so that is the preferred designator.